How to Avoid Common Pitfalls in R&D Tax Claims

R&D tax credits can be a game-changer for companies in industries such as information and communication and manufacturing.

Whether you're a Small or Medium Enterprise (SME) or a large enterprise with established internal teams, understanding how to navigate the R&D tax relief landscape is crucial for optimising your financial strategy and fueling further innovation.

R&D tax relief is a powerful incentive designed to help businesses innovate and grow by offsetting the costs of developing new products, services, or processes. For many companies, especially those making claims above £250,000 (now representing 33% of total claims), this relief can be the difference between launching a breakthrough project or shelving it indefinitely.

However, the claims process can be complex, and misunderstandings can lead to significant pitfalls. Let's explore some common mistakes and how to avoid them, ensuring you maximise your claim while staying compliant with HMRC regulations.

1. Misunderstanding What Qualifies as R&D

One of the most critical aspects of a successful R&D tax claim is understanding HMRC's definition of research and development. This definition may differ significantly from your company's internal view of R&D.

According to HMRC's guidelines, qualifying R&D aims to make an advance in science or technology through the resolution of scientific or technological uncertainty.

This doesn’t necessarily mean ground-breaking discoveries or major innovations; it could also be something less obvious, such as;

• Development of new software or improvement of existing systems
• Enhancing manufacturing processes
• Finding more efficient ways to use materials

Key Considerations:

• The project must address a significant level of uncertainty that a professional in the field could not easily resolve
• R&D is not limited to scientific breakthroughs; technological advancements in various industries may qualify
• Even if a project ultimately fails, the work undertaken can still be eligible if it meets the criteria for R&D

For CFOs, Finance Managers and Directors, it's crucial to collaborate closely with the technical teams to ensure all eligible projects are captured. This cross-functional approach can help identify R&D activities that might otherwise be overlooked, especially in non-traditional R&D areas.

2. Inadequate Documentation and Record-Keeping

Proper documentation is the backbone of a robust R&D tax claim. Without it, even legitimate claims can face scrutiny from HMRC, resulting in delays, reduced relief, or, in some cases, a complete denial of the claim.

Essential Records to Maintain:

• Project Logs: Regularly updated logs that track progress and critical milestones, outlining the technical challenges encountered and the steps taken to resolve them.
• Development Timelines: Clear timelines that show how the project has evolved, detailing the phases of research, development, testing, and refinement.
• Staff Participation Records: Provide evidence of the participation of qualified professionals in the R&D project, detailing the time each employee spent on R&D activities. This is usually done through timesheets.

Myriad Tip:

Implement a systematic approach to documentation from the outset of any potential R&D project. This could involve using project management software that allows for easy tagging of R&D-related activities and expenses.

Free Resources: Need a Simple Way to Track Your R&D Projects?

Documentation is crucial for a successful R&D claim, but it doesn’t have to be complicated. We’ve created two free resources to help you streamline your process and ensure compliance:

• Schedule of Qualifying Projects Template – An easy-to-use template that lets you evaluate each project’s eligibility, helping you avoid common pitfalls.
• R&D Activities Boundary Diagram – A visual guide to clarify which activities qualify for claims within each project.

Download Both Tools for Free to get started with confident, compliant R&D tracking and maximise your claim potential.

3. Overlooking Indirect Costs

Another common pitfall in R&D tax claims is overlooking indirect costs associated with the project. While many companies focus on direct costs like salaries and materials, they often miss claiming indirect expenses, which can significantly affect the total claim.

Commonly Overlooked Indirect Costs:

• Utilities: Expenses such as electricity, heating, and water that are necessary to run the facilities where R&D is conducted.
• Software Licenses: The cost of software used in development, testing, or managing the R&D project.
• Supportive work: General business costs related to R&D activities, such as rent for equipment used in R&D, engineering of new materials, scrappage, specialist tooling and non-routine maintenance directly tied to the project.

Tip for Financial Directors and CFOs:

Consider implementing a cost allocation system that accurately attributes indirect costs to specific R&D activities. This level of detail not only maximises your claim but also provides robust justification if HMRC requests further information.

4. Including Ineligible Costs

On the other hand, businesses sometimes make the mistake of including costs in their R&D claim that don’t qualify under HMRC guidelines. This can result in the claim being reduced, rejected, or even trigger an audit.

Common Ineligible Costs to Avoid:

• Market Research Expenses: Costs related to investigating the commercial success of a project cannot be included; this includes customer surveys, competitor analysis and early stage project scoping (before scientific or technological uncertainty). Similarly, promoting or selling a new product or service can't be included, even if it's linked to an R&D project.
• Routine Maintenance: General repairs or maintenance of equipment and systems used in day-to-day operations which don’t directly contribute to technological or scientific advancement.
• Business as Usual Activities: Standard operational improvements or incremental changes that don’t involve resolving technological uncertainties.

Best Practice:

Develop a clear checklist of eligible and ineligible costs for your company's projects based on HMRC guidelines. Train your finance team and project managers on these distinctions to ensure accurate tracking from the outset of any R&D project. This not only reduces the risk of a claim being questioned but also ensures your business is fully compliant and doesn’t face unnecessary scrutiny during an audit.

5. Ignoring Software Development R&D

Many businesses, particularly those outside the tech sector, overlook the fact that software development can qualify for R&D tax credits.

Qualifying Software Development Activities:

To assess whether software development qualifies for R&D relief, companies should consider:

1. Technical Uncertainty: Did the project involve overcoming technical challenges that couldn’t easily be solved using existing knowledge or readily available solutions?
2. Innovation in Processes or Systems: Was the software designed to improve efficiency, solve a specific operational problem, or automate complex tasks in a novel way? Does its development benefit the field of software technology and not just the company alone?

By clearly documenting the purpose, technical challenges, and development process of software projects, businesses can demonstrate how their efforts align with HMRC’s definition of R&D. Even if software development isn’t a business's core focus, it’s important to recognise that these projects can still qualify for relief, potentially unlocking significant tax savings.

6. Neglecting to Prepare for an HMRC Audit

As we all know, HMRC has recently increased its scrutiny of R&D tax relief claims. Being prepared for an HMRC audit is crucial now more than ever.

To prepare for an HMRC audit, businesses should:

1. Organise all project documentation: Ensure that all records, including project logs, development timelines, staff timesheets, and cost breakdowns, are well-organised and easily accessible. 
2. Maintain transparency: Be prepared to explain the technical uncertainties the project aimed to resolve and how the claimed expenses directly relate to R&D activities. Transparency in communicating with HMRC is key to avoiding any suspicion or delays in processing the claim.
3. Conduct internal reviews: Before submitting a claim, it’s a good idea to perform an internal review or work with an R&D tax advisor to ensure the documentation is complete and the claim aligns with HMRC’s guidelines. This proactive approach can help identify and rectify any potential issues in advance.

By staying organised and transparent, businesses can significantly reduce the stress and potential setbacks of an HMRC audit. Preparing thoroughly will not only ensure a smoother audit process but also reinforce the credibility of the R&D tax claim.

Strategic Approach:

Consider appointing an R&D tax specialist within your finance team or partnering with external experts who can conduct mock audits. This proactive stance not only prepares you for potential HMRC enquiries but also often leads to identifying additional qualifying activities or costs.

Remember, the landscape of R&D tax relief is continually evolving. Stay informed about regulatory changes, such as the recent adjustments affecting SME claims, and consider how these changes might impact your R&D strategy and financial planning. Using a tax advisor means that you won't need to stay on top of all these changes, as well as everything else involved in running a business! 

How Myriad Can Help

At Myriad, we're not just another tax incentives consultancy. We're the only one that eliminates your risk.

Our promise to you is simple: We stand firmly behind our advice and opinions. If your claim is challenged, we'll defend it free of charge. If your claim is rejected, we won't charge you any fees. We'll cover any HMRC penalties and even compensate you for your time.

Navigating the complexities of R&D tax relief can be challenging, especially for businesses focused on growth and innovation. This is where partnering with experts like Myriad can be invaluable.

With our deep understanding of HMRC requirements and experience across various industries, we can help you:

• Identify all eligible R&D activities, including those in non-traditional areas
• Implement robust documentation processes
• Maximise your claim by capturing all eligible direct and indirect costs
• Prepare thoroughly for potential HMRC audits, ensuring your claims are defensible and well-substantiated

By leveraging our expertise, you can focus on what you do best – innovating and growing your business – while we ensure you receive the maximum R&D tax relief you're entitled to. Whether you're a startup scaling rapidly or an established enterprise looking to optimise your tax strategy, Myriad has the knowledge and experience to support your R&D tax relief needs.

Please message to learn how we can assist you with your R&D tax credit claims or HMRC enquiries.